Un rôle spécifique pour l'acide alphalinolénique?

Cette étude observationnelle rétrospective semble indiquer que la prise d'acide alphalinolénique est associée à une moindre mortalité de maladies inflammatoires mais pas la prise alimentaire de poisson et ce uniquement chez la femme.

Consumption of polyunsaturated fatty acids, fish, and nuts and risk of inflammatory disease mortality¹,²,³

1. Bamini Gopinath, 
2. Anette E Buyken, 
3. Victoria M Flood, 
4. Marianne Empson,
5. Elena Rochtchina, and 
6. Paul Mitchell

-Author Affiliations

1. ¹From the Centre for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (BG, ER, and PM); the Research Institute of Child Nutrition, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Dortmund, Germany (AEB); the Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of Wollongong, Sydney, Australia (VMF); and the Immunology Department, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand (ME).

-Author Notes

• ↵2 The Blue Mountains Eye and Hearing Studies were supported by the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (grant nos. 974159, 991407, 211069, and 262120).
• ↵3 Address correspondence to P Mitchell, Centre for Vision Research, University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Hawkesbury Rd, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia. E-mail: paul_mitchell@wmi.usyd.edu.au.

Abstract

Background: n–3 (omega-3) Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), fish, and nuts can regulate inflammatory processes and responses.

Objective: We investigated whether dietary intakes of PUFAs [n−3, n–6 (omega-6), and α-linolenic acid], fish, and nuts were associated with 15-y mortality attributed to noncardiovascular, noncancer inflammatory diseases.

Design: The analyses involved 2514 participants aged ≥49 y at baseline. Dietary data were collected by using a semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire, and PUFA, fish, and nut intakes were calculated. Inflammatory disease mortality was confirmed from the Australian National Death Index.

Results: Over 15 y, 214 subjects died of inflammatory diseases. Women in the highest tertiles of total n−3 PUFA intake, compared with those in the lowest tertile of intake at baseline, had a 44% reduced risk of inflammatory disease mortality (P for trend = 0.03). This association was not observed in men. In both men and women, each 1-SD increase in energy-adjusted intake of α-linolenic acid was inversely associated with inflammatory mortality (hazard ratio: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.71, 0.98). Subjects in the second and third tertiles of nut consumption had a 51% and 32% reduced risk of inflammatory disease mortality, respectively, compared with those in the first tertile (reference). Dietary intakes of long-chain n−3 and n−6 PUFAs and fish were not associated with inflammatory disease mortality.

Conclusions: We report on a novel link between dietary intake of total n−3 PUFA and risk of inflammatory disease mortality in older women. Furthermore, our data indicate a protective role of nuts, but not fish, against inflammatory disease mortality.