Inorganic nitrates, exercise, hypertension and kidney function

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http://ajcn.nutrition.org/content/90/1/1.long

FIGURE 1

A schematic diagram of the physiologic disposition of nitrate, nitrite, and nitric oxide from exogenous (dietary) and endogenous sources. The action of bacterial nitrate reductases on the tongue and mammalian enzymes that have nitrate reductase activity in tissues are noted by the number 1. Bacterial nitrate reductases are noted by the number 2. Mammalian enzymes with nitrite reductase activity are noted by the number 3.

TABLE 4

Mean nitrate and nitrite contents of a convenience sample of juices

Juices	Nitrate	Nitrite
	mg/L; ppm	mg/L; ppm
Acai	0.56	0.013
Carrot	27.55	0.036
Cranberry	9.12	0.145
Green tea	0.23	0.007
Pomegranate	12.93	0.069
Vegetable juice1	26.17	0.092

• ↵1 V8; Campbell Soup Co (Camden, NJ).

Food sources of nitrates and nitrites: the physiologic context for potential health benefits

TABLE 5

Mean nitrate and nitrite contents of a convenience sample of fruit, vegetables, meats, and processed meats¹

	Nitrates	Nitrites
	mg/100 g	mg/100 g
Fruit
Apple sauce	0.3	0.008
Banana	4.5	0.009
Fruit mix	0.9	0.08
Orange	0.8	0.02
Vegetables
Broccoli	39.5	0.07
Carrots	0.1	0.006
Cole slaw	55.9	0.07
French fries	2.0	0.17
Ketchup	0.10	0.13
Mustard greens	116.0	0.003
Salad mix	82.1	0.13
Spinach	741	0.02
Tomato	39.2	0.03
Vegetable soup	20.9	0.001
Desiccated vegetable dietary supplement2	27,890	10.5
Meats/processed meats
Bacon	5.5	0.38
Bacon, nitrite-free	3.0	0.68
Ham	0.90	0.89
Hot dog	9.0	0.05
Pork tenderloin	3.3	0

• ↵1 Nitrate and nitrite concentrations were quantified by ion chromatography (ENO 20 Analyzer; Eicom, Kyoto, Japan). Analysis of foods reflects the mean value from triplicate or quadruplicate analyses.
• ↵2 Nature's Way Garden Veggies (1 capsule; 900 mg desiccated vegetables; Nature's Way Products Inc, Springville, UT).

Juices

Nitrate

Nitrite

mg/L; ppm

mg/L; ppm

Acai

0.56

0.013

Carrot

27.55

0.036

Cranberry

9.12

0.145

Green tea

0.23

0.007

Pomegranate

12.93

0.069

Vegetable juice¹

26.17

0.092

Nitrates

Nitrites

mg/100 g

mg/100 g

Fruit

Apple sauce

0.3

0.008

Banana

4.5

0.009

Fruit mix

0.9

0.08

Orange

0.8

0.02

Vegetables

Broccoli

39.5

0.07

Carrots

0.1

0.006

Cole slaw

55.9

0.07

French fries

2.0

0.17

Ketchup

0.10

0.13

Mustard greens

116.0

0.003

Salad mix

82.1

0.13

Spinach

741

0.02

Tomato

39.2

0.03

Vegetable soup

20.9

0.001

Desiccated vegetable dietary supplement²

27,890

10.5

Meats/processed meats

Bacon

5.5

0.38

Bacon, nitrite-free

3.0

0.68

Ham

0.90

0.89

Hot dog

9.0

0.05

Pork tenderloin

3.3

0

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise:

Post Acceptance: October 20, 2014

doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000548

Original Investigation: PDF Only

Nitrate Supplementation, Exercise, and Kidney Function: Are There Detrimental Effects?.

Carpentier, Alain; Stragier, Séverine; Bréjeon, Camille; Poortmans, Jacques R

http://jn.nutrition.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=23596162

FIGURE 2

Forest plot of randomized clinical trials investigating the effects of beetroot juice and inorganic nitrate supplementation on SBP. A random model was applied to obtain the pooled mean differences in SBP. Data for SBP are presented as mean differences and 95% CI. Two trials were reported in the same manuscript (33). BP, blood pressure; SBP, systolic blood pressure.

http://www.nutritionj.com/content/11/1/106

http://journals.cambridge.org/download.php?file=%2FBJN%2FBJN108_11%2FS0007114512000190a.pdf&code=58b3b66d9f2fe2418eb4aa14d4bda045

A schematic diagram of the physiologic disposition of nitrate, nitrite, and nitric oxide from exogenous (dietary) and endogenous sources. The action of bacterial nitrate reductases on the tongue and mammalian enzymes that have nitrate reductase activity in tissues are noted by the number 1. Bacterial nitrate reductases are noted by the number 2. Mammalian enzymes with nitrite reductase activity are noted by the number 3.