dimanche 30 avril 2017
mercredi 26 avril 2017
Added sugars according to Bob Lustig
Katelin Walling wrote this paper about added sugars,
http://www.nymetroparents.com/article/the-negative-health-effects-of-too-much-added-sugar
http://www.nymetroparents.com/article/the-negative-health-effects-of-too-much-added-sugar
Consuming too much added sugar is detrimental to our health—here’s why, and what you can do about it.
Fifty-six. That’s how many different names the food industry uses for sugar.
Here’s another number: 19½. That’s, on average, how many teaspoons of added sugar each person in the U.S. consumes each day. To be clear: We’re talking about added sugar—the sugar the food industry adds to foods, not the sugar found naturally in foods. The daily maximum recommendation from the American Heart Association? Six teaspoons for women, 9 teaspoons for men, less than 6 teaspoons for children ages 2-18, and zero for children ages 2 and younger.
Ready for another? One-quarter: the number of pounds of added sugar Americans are consuming daily, on average, which equates to 90-100 pounds of added sugar annually. “The problem is you’re really supposed to be consuming zero [added sugar], but you could consume an ounce or an ounce and a half,” says Robert Lustig, M.D., a pediatric endocrinologist, professor of pediatrics in the Division of Endocrinology at University of California, San Francisco, and author of Fat Chance: Beating the Odds Against Sugar, Processed Food, Obesity, and Disease.
So, why is it a big deal that we’re consuming so much added sugar? Dr. Lustig—who was also featured prominently in the 2015 documentary Sugar Coated (available on Netflix) and is a member of the SugarScience team, an authoritative source for the scientific evidence about sugar and its impact on health—shares what we need to know and think about before saying “Yes” to sugary foods.
Glucose vs. Fructose
There are two main sugars found in foods, and it’s important to know the difference because one is necessary and one isn’t.
Glucose, which is found in starch, is the energy of life, according to Dr. Lustig. “Glucose is so important that if you don’t consume it, your body makes it,” he says. The liver has a way of turning fat into glucose called gluconeogenesis. So while it’s necessary for life, it’s not necessary to eat.
Fructose, on the other hand, is an entirely different molecule. “There’s no animal cell on the planet that needs fructose for any reaction at all,” Dr. Lustig explains, adding that it’s sweet, it’s energy, and it’s calories, but it’s not nutrition.
Effects of Too Much Sugar
Acutely, too much sugar doesn’t have significant effects on the body. It’s the long-term effects that are the issue.
Dr. Lustig says there are three things fructose does to our bodies that glucose does not:
Liver fat: “Because of the way fructose is processed, it goes to the liver and excess gets turned into liver fat, and that liver fat gums up the workings of the liver. When that happens, you end up with a phenomenon called insulin resistance. You have a situation where the liver’s not responding to the insulin signal so the pancreas has to make extra,” Dr. Lustig says, which raises insulin levels all over the body and leads to hyperinsulinemia.
Excess insulin, Dr. Lustig explains, does two things in your body to make you gain weight: It turns energy into fat cells, and it blocks leptin, the hormone that sends a signal to the brain when you’ve had enough to eat. Continued insulin secretion is also one of the major factors involved in chronic metabolic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, Type 2 diabetes, cancer, and dementia. “All of those are referred to in total as metabolic syndrome. Some people will get some of those diseases, some people will get others of those diseases, and some unfortunate people will get all of them,” Dr. Lustig says. “Anything that drives insulin is going to drive those, and because of the liver fat issue, fructose drives it.”
Aging: Have you ever thought of why bananas brown? It’s a chemical reaction called the Millard reaction—the aging reaction. “All carbohydrates bind to proteins, all carbohydrates cause a mild reaction. But because of fructose’s unique chemistry, it causes that mild reaction to occur seven times faster and generate a hundred times the number of oxygen radicals called oxidative stress that damage proteins and lipids inside cells,” Dr. Lustig says. “So basically sugar drives aging faster than other carbohydrates.”
Dopamine: Fructose causes the reward system to release dopamine, the reward response. When dopamine is released, it fosters continued consumption, according to Dr. Lustig. “That’s something only fructose does. So you get into a vicious cycle of consumption and disease.”
To paint a clearer picture, Dr. Lustig compares fructose to alcohol: “Alcohol is calories, but it’s not nutrition. Consumption of alcohol is dangerous in two ways: It’s dangerous acutely, and it’s dangerous chronically. Fructose is not dangerous acutely, but it is dangerous chronically for the same reason that alcohol is. In fact, fructose and alcohol are metabolized exactly the same in the liver, and that’s why kids are getting the disease of alcohol—Type 2 diabetes and fatty liver disease—without alcohol. Fructose sugar is the alcohol of the child. While we have the capacity to metabolize a limited amount of alcohol, excess is dangerous. While we have a limited capacity to metabolize the sugar in our diet, excess is dangerous.”
What Happens When You Cut Sugar From Your Diet?
When sugar is cut from your diet, “your metabolic primers get better, and you feel better, and your metabolic parameters improve, and you detox, and you don’t crave it as much. Everything gets better,” Dr. Lustig says, referring to a study his team published in October 2015.
For that study, the research team studied the diets of 33 Latino and African-American kids with metabolic syndrome (obesity plus at least one other chronic medical condition) to determine a home-baseline diet. Then, for the next 10 days, sugar was cut from the kids’ diets. “What we did was we gave them starch instead so they would not loose weight. We took pastries out, and we put the bagels in. … We took the chicken teriyaki out, and we put turkey hotdogs in. We gave them processed foods, but there were no added-sugar foods,” Dr. Lustig explains.
After those 10 days, the kids were assessed, and “every aspect of their metabolic health improved and their liver fat reversed. That is without any change in calories or any change in weight. This shows fructose is the primary driver because when we gave them extra glucose instead of fructose, it got better unrelated to calories and unrelated to weight,” Dr. Lustig says. “That proves that sugar is the driver of these metabolic diseases. It may not be the only driver, but it certainly is the primary driver, and the one that children are exposed to.”
Easy Tips for Cutting Sugar
When working the following tips into your family’s lifestyle, the first thing to keep in mind is to cut back gradually and make realistic goals for your family. “It’s really hard to go to an extreme. I work with families that want to cut everything all at once, and that’s usually unsuccessful,” says Nicole Silber, R.D., a pediatric nutritionist based in New York City. “Meet your child where they’re at, engage them in the plan, and cut back slowly, which I think will end up yielding more success than to cut back drastically.”
Be weary of foods labeled as fat-free. “There are a bunch of fat-free items that tend to be loaded with sugar to compensate for the loss of fat in the product, especially in baked goods,” Silber says.
Opt for fresh fruit over dried fruit or fruit sauce. With dehydrated fruit and sauces, it’s a matter of the source of sugar being concentrated, Silber says. For example, when you dehydrate a plum, what’s left is the fiber and natural fruit sugar. “It ends up being much smaller, so you could eat five prunes, which will fill your stomach the same amount as one plum, but you’re consuming five times the amount of sugar because you’re essentially eating five plums,” Silber explains. The same thing happens with applesauce. “It will take a child a few minutes to eat a whole apple, which has the skin, the fiber, the liquid. When you boil it down and puree it into a sauce, you can probably have four or five apples in the same amount of time it would take to eat one whole apple,” Silber adds.
Choose plain yogurt over flavored. Yogurt can be unhealthy if you’re not picking the right one, Silber says. “If a child is used to high-sugar yogurts, you can add in your own fruit, jam, maple syrup, honey,” she advises. “You can even add in your own white sugar. I’m confident you will add in less than the food companies.” And make sure you check the labels on baby yogurts; Silber says some brands are really high in added sugar.
Preventatively, don’t introduce infants to juice or sweetened foods in their first year. Silber advises to give babies more veggies and less fruit to accustom their taste buds to less sweet foods. When shopping for baby foods or making your own, opt for blends that have one or no fruit.
Cut down your weekly dessert intake. Wherever your family is now, cut back one to two servings per week, Silber advises. “If a family has dessert every night, I would say cut back to five nights per week,” Silber says. Another option is to substitute fresh fruit and eat the fruit when it’s extra ripe because it will taste sweeter.
Drink water rather than sweetened beverages. Nearly two-thirds of kids in the U.S., ages 2-19, consumed at least one sugar-sweetened beverage per day, and roughly 30 percent of children consumed two or more, between 2011-2014, according to a study published in January by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Center for Health Statistics. That includes soda, fruit drinks, sports and energy drinks, and sweetened coffees and teas.
Silber says most kids don’t need to consume beverages aimed toward athletes. “Usually water and a nutritious snack before and after will be sufficient to restore the nutrition and hydration,” she says.
Leave sugar out of recipes when possible. With cooking, Silber suggests cutting the sugar from the recipe entirely, or cutting it in half. “I do this a lot where I see a recipe for a marinade that has a lot of honey or white sugar that I will eliminate and I still think the recipe comes out tasty,” she says.
For baking, Silber says to look for recipes that use more natural forms of sugar, such as honey, agave, or maple syrup because they’re more concentrated, so you’ll use less of it. And remember: “There is a time and a place for [sweets],” Silber says. “Just because it doesn’t have the white sugar doesn’t mean it’s a food that should be given all the time.”
Read and understand the Nutrition Facts labels on packaged foods. The Food and Drug Administration announced a new Nutrition Facts label in May 2016, which among other changes includes an “Includes X g Added Sugars” field. Food manufacturers will need to implement the new label by July 26, 2018, while smaller companies will have an additional year to comply, according to the FDA.
Until then, Silber suggests thinking about it in terms of a sugar packet, which is approximately 4 grams of sugar. If you choose a food product that has 8-12 grams of sugar per serving, “envision yourself opening up two or three sugar packets and pouring that into your dish. That can become quite alarming,” she says.
Silber recommends choosing condiments (ketchup, salad dressing, and marinades) with less than 5 grams of sugar per serving, and foods (breads, yogurts, cereals, etc.) with no more than 10 grams of sugar per serving.
An easy way to keep track of your added sugar intake is to convert the grams per serving into teaspoons. There are 4.2 grams of sugar per teaspoon, Dr. Lustig says. That comes out to less than 25 grams per day for children and teens, 25.2 grams for women, and 37.8 grams for men. “We’re currently at about 90 [grams per day] on average. That’s a big difference,” Dr. Lustig says.
mardi 25 avril 2017
lundi 24 avril 2017
Les Chimane de Bolivie/Tsimane of Bolivia
 |
| http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673617307523 |
https://wn.com/tsimane_reborn
http://time.com/4705247/healthy-diet-heart-disease/
https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/10/well/live/learning-from-our-parents-heart-health-mistakes.html?rref=collection%2Fsectioncollection%2Fhealth&action=click&contentCollection=health®ion=rank&module=package&version=highlights&contentPlacement=9&pgtype=sectionfront&_r=0
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4317610/
FAQ
"Tsimane are a homogenous ethnic group. Could it be genetic? What happens to Tsimane individuals in a westernized living situation? Anecdotes are not science."
It is why results of observational studies are not a proof of causal relationship.
"The meat eaten by the Tsimane tribe cannot be compared to that eaten in the US. They are hunting & eating wild animals, not the factory-farmed ones fed the wrong diet with antibiotics thrown in, and having limited to no exercise. Factory farmed animals are raised to increase the fat levels in their meat. The meat eaten by the Amazon tribe comes from foraging animals and is very lean. Because they eat meat and are healthy cannot be used to justify a meat-eating diet in the US as good for the heart."
Yes they eat less fat than us but does it matter?
"How much exercise?"
15 000 to 17 000 steps id est 5 miles
"LE"
53 after 1990
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17421012
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673617307523
Summary of the study
The Chimanes of Bolivia have arteries that do not age ...
It seems that the Chimane way of life protects their arteries
Guy-André Pelouze
1 / Is there still in the world tribes living as in the Paleolithic?
The indigenous peoples who live far from the agro-industrial civilization following a lifestyle close to that of the Paleolithic (-2.3 million to -10000 years ago) are very few today. They are of considerable interest from the anthropological as well as the medical point of view, since many chronic diseases can not be understood without the perspective of evolution. Anthropologists have studied several tribes to analyze what the way of life could be in the Paleolithic. Such tribes are found in Papua New Guinea, the Andaman and Nicobar Islands (India), the Philippines, Africa and South America (Amazonia).
In the 1990s a Swedish researcher, Staffan Lindeberg, studied the inhabitants of Kitava, one of the Trobriand Islands of Papua New Guinea. He observed that sudden cardiac death, stroke, and chest pain associated with exercise (angina) never occur in Kitava; By deepening his research he concludes that the essential element is their palaeolithic diet.
The study of the Bolivian population of the Chimane who live on the Andean foothills, particularly along the Maniquí River is a project that began in 2001. It is a fantastic anthropological research project, And the numerous publications with this link (https://www.unm.edu/~tsimane/index.html).
The 6000 Chimane constitute small communities of 20 to 30 families. They practice hunting, fishing, gathering and subsistence farming.
In March 2017 the results of an original study of cardiac risk in Chimane is published in the Lancet (http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(17)30752-3/fulltext? Elsca1 = tlpr). She is interested in the cardiac risk measured by the so-called calcium score. This is the measurement by the thoracic CT scan of the amount of calcium deposited in the walls of the arteries of the heart. Depending on the quantity present, a score is calculated which reliably predicts the risk of an atheromatous involvement of the coronary arteries (formation of a plaque in the wall of the artery, the progression of which obstructs blood circulation and rupture Leads to myocardial infarction)
2 / This study published in the newspaper The Lancet shows that the Chimane, a people of Bolivians living in the Amazon have coronary functions at the same state at 80 years as Americans at 50 years. What explains in our respective lifestyles that our heart system is more damaged and we are more prone to heart attacks?
What is striking in this very detailed study is that the Chimane have a very low calcium score throughout their life. And indeed at 80 years the Chimanes have an average calcium score that is that of North American 50 years.
The investigators then studied their cardiovascular risk factors as we understand them today. Almost no obesity, no diabetes, low blood pressure and lipid particles in the blood that are not atherogenic especially LDL particles are low. The Chimanes have a low risk profile and their arterial tree ages much less quickly: 85% of them all have no cardiovascular risk markers and have a normal calcium score. But mostly they are only 13% to have a coronary risk and it is low. According to the authors their lifestyle is the main explanation: they are physically very active, hunt, fish and build their house. They do not smoke. In terms of food, they eat almost no cereals, no sugar, no dairy products and, of course, virtually no industrial product. In addition, they consume less fat than French or northern Americans, but with 38 g of fat per day, 11 g / d of saturated fat (29%), 14 g / d of monounsaturated fat (37%). , And 8 g of polyunsaturated fat (21%), the proportion of saturated fat is higher than ours.
3 / What are the health consequences of this sedentary lifestyle where we no longer have enough sports, or are we feeding badly?
Our energy expenditure collapsed when humanity sat down and physical work was replaced by motorized machinery. The Chimanes make 15000-17000 steps a day on average. In our country, recreational physical activity did not replace the efforts that our parents and our ancestors made. At the same time the diet has sharply and profoundly transformed. We live in abundance of product foods which leads to excessive consumption of calories. Moreover, these calories are present in industrial products very high in simple carbohydrates or which are rapidly transformed into simple carbohydrates after ingestion and the metabolic mechanisms of storage of these carbohydrates lead to obesity and type 2 diabetes. Both factors, abundance and important part of the sugars characterise our diet.
4 / What lessons have we learned from the mistakes of our parents in their way of life? Can a return to a lifestyle closer to that of the Tsimane be observed? There is no doubt that we are underestimating the potential for lifestyle change in the prevention of cardiovascular disease. For reasons related to our allopathic drug model and also because these changes require full responsibility of the patients. In this respect it is necessary to remember that it is not necessary to obtain results to make extraordinary changes: not to smoke, to have a normal weight, to consume a minimum of sugars (simple sugars or starches) and to do every day a Physical activity outdoors that results in shortness of breath requires no additional means or medical advice. Our elders did it not so long ago. What this study tells us is that physical activity is about 8 kilometers per day. Obviously this is very far from the average physical activity of the French (file: //localhost/Users/GuyAndrePelouze/Desktop/poster_ICDAM_2009_2.pdf).
5 / What are the limitations of this study? First, it is an observational study and not an interventional study. Therefore the conclusions in particular the causes of this health of the arteries in the Chimanes remain uncertain. We must be careful with the correlations observed. However, from a medical point of view, the cardiovascular health of Chimane is remarkable. We also know that their lifestyles also produce similar changes in patients in developed countries and the most effective prevention of cardiovascular events. We must not underestimate the questions of genetics and epigenetics, that is to say differences which would participate in causality in arterial atheromatous disease. Especially for us European. This question remains very open. Further work is needed to highlight possible genetic differences with Europeans that could explain some of this cardiovascular health alongside lifestyle. Finally, given the inflammation observed in Chimane, inflammation in relation to endemic parasitism, we must certainly question the model of atheroma that we use. Chronic inflammation has been shown to be associated with progression of atheroma in populations in developed countries. This is not what we observe among the Chimanes without our knowing why.
It seems that the Chimane way of life protects their arteries
Guy-André Pelouze
1 / Is there still in the world tribes living as in the Paleolithic?
The indigenous peoples who live far from the agro-industrial civilization following a lifestyle close to that of the Paleolithic (-2.3 million to -10000 years ago) are very few today. They are of considerable interest from the anthropological as well as the medical point of view, since many chronic diseases can not be understood without the perspective of evolution. Anthropologists have studied several tribes to analyze what the way of life could be in the Paleolithic. Such tribes are found in Papua New Guinea, the Andaman and Nicobar Islands (India), the Philippines, Africa and South America (Amazonia).
In the 1990s a Swedish researcher, Staffan Lindeberg, studied the inhabitants of Kitava, one of the Trobriand Islands of Papua New Guinea. He observed that sudden cardiac death, stroke, and chest pain associated with exercise (angina) never occur in Kitava; By deepening his research he concludes that the essential element is their palaeolithic diet.
The study of the Bolivian population of the Chimane who live on the Andean foothills, particularly along the Maniquí River is a project that began in 2001. It is a fantastic anthropological research project, And the numerous publications with this link (https://www.unm.edu/~tsimane/index.html).
The 6000 Chimane constitute small communities of 20 to 30 families. They practice hunting, fishing, gathering and subsistence farming.
In March 2017 the results of an original study of cardiac risk in Chimane is published in the Lancet (http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(17)30752-3/fulltext? Elsca1 = tlpr). She is interested in the cardiac risk measured by the so-called calcium score. This is the measurement by the thoracic CT scan of the amount of calcium deposited in the walls of the arteries of the heart. Depending on the quantity present, a score is calculated which reliably predicts the risk of an atheromatous involvement of the coronary arteries (formation of a plaque in the wall of the artery, the progression of which obstructs blood circulation and rupture Leads to myocardial infarction)
2 / This study published in the newspaper The Lancet shows that the Chimane, a people of Bolivians living in the Amazon have coronary functions at the same state at 80 years as Americans at 50 years. What explains in our respective lifestyles that our heart system is more damaged and we are more prone to heart attacks?
What is striking in this very detailed study is that the Chimane have a very low calcium score throughout their life. And indeed at 80 years the Chimanes have an average calcium score that is that of North American 50 years.
The investigators then studied their cardiovascular risk factors as we understand them today. Almost no obesity, no diabetes, low blood pressure and lipid particles in the blood that are not atherogenic especially LDL particles are low. The Chimanes have a low risk profile and their arterial tree ages much less quickly: 85% of them all have no cardiovascular risk markers and have a normal calcium score. But mostly they are only 13% to have a coronary risk and it is low. According to the authors their lifestyle is the main explanation: they are physically very active, hunt, fish and build their house. They do not smoke. In terms of food, they eat almost no cereals, no sugar, no dairy products and, of course, virtually no industrial product. In addition, they consume less fat than French or northern Americans, but with 38 g of fat per day, 11 g / d of saturated fat (29%), 14 g / d of monounsaturated fat (37%). , And 8 g of polyunsaturated fat (21%), the proportion of saturated fat is higher than ours.
3 / What are the health consequences of this sedentary lifestyle where we no longer have enough sports, or are we feeding badly?
Our energy expenditure collapsed when humanity sat down and physical work was replaced by motorized machinery. The Chimanes make 15000-17000 steps a day on average. In our country, recreational physical activity did not replace the efforts that our parents and our ancestors made. At the same time the diet has sharply and profoundly transformed. We live in abundance of product foods which leads to excessive consumption of calories. Moreover, these calories are present in industrial products very high in simple carbohydrates or which are rapidly transformed into simple carbohydrates after ingestion and the metabolic mechanisms of storage of these carbohydrates lead to obesity and type 2 diabetes. Both factors, abundance and important part of the sugars characterise our diet.
4 / What lessons have we learned from the mistakes of our parents in their way of life? Can a return to a lifestyle closer to that of the Tsimane be observed? There is no doubt that we are underestimating the potential for lifestyle change in the prevention of cardiovascular disease. For reasons related to our allopathic drug model and also because these changes require full responsibility of the patients. In this respect it is necessary to remember that it is not necessary to obtain results to make extraordinary changes: not to smoke, to have a normal weight, to consume a minimum of sugars (simple sugars or starches) and to do every day a Physical activity outdoors that results in shortness of breath requires no additional means or medical advice. Our elders did it not so long ago. What this study tells us is that physical activity is about 8 kilometers per day. Obviously this is very far from the average physical activity of the French (file: //localhost/Users/GuyAndrePelouze/Desktop/poster_ICDAM_2009_2.pdf).
5 / What are the limitations of this study? First, it is an observational study and not an interventional study. Therefore the conclusions in particular the causes of this health of the arteries in the Chimanes remain uncertain. We must be careful with the correlations observed. However, from a medical point of view, the cardiovascular health of Chimane is remarkable. We also know that their lifestyles also produce similar changes in patients in developed countries and the most effective prevention of cardiovascular events. We must not underestimate the questions of genetics and epigenetics, that is to say differences which would participate in causality in arterial atheromatous disease. Especially for us European. This question remains very open. Further work is needed to highlight possible genetic differences with Europeans that could explain some of this cardiovascular health alongside lifestyle. Finally, given the inflammation observed in Chimane, inflammation in relation to endemic parasitism, we must certainly question the model of atheroma that we use. Chronic inflammation has been shown to be associated with progression of atheroma in populations in developed countries. This is not what we observe among the Chimanes without our knowing why.
(in french)
Le mode de vie des Chimane de Bolivie protègent leurs artères
Les Chimane de Bolivie ont des artères qui ne
vieillissent pas…
Il semble que le mode de vie des Chimane
protègent leurs artères
Guy-André Pelouze
1/Existe-t-il encore dans le monde des tribus
vivant comme au paléolithique ?
Les populations indigènes qui vivent à l’écart
de la civilisation agro-industrielle suivant un mode de vie proche de celui du
paléolithique (-2,3 millions à -10000 ans avant notre ère) sont très peu
nombreuses aujourd’hui. Elles présentent un intérêt considérable du point de
vue anthropologique mais aussi médical car nombre de maladies chroniques ne
peuvent être comprises sans la perspective de l’évolution. Les anthropologues ont étudié
plusieurs tribus pour analyser ce que le mode de vie pouvait être au paléolithique.
De telles tribus se trouvent en Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée, dans les îles
Andaman et Nicobar (Inde), aux Philippines, en Afrique et en Amérique du Sud
(Amazonie).
Dans les années 90 un chercheur suédois,
Staffan Lindeberg, étudie les habitants de Kitava, l'une des îles Trobriand de
Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée. Il observe que la mort subite d’origine
coronarienne, les accidents vasculaires cérébraux et les douleurs thoraciques
liées à l'effort (angine de poitrine) ne se produisent jamais chez les Kitava;
en approfondissant ses recherches il conclue
que l’élément essentiel est leur régime alimentaire paléolithique.
L’étude de la population bolivienne des
Chimane qui vivent sur le piémont andin, en particulier le long
de la rivière Maniquí est un projet qui a débuté en 2001. Il
s’agit d’un fantastique projet de recherche anthropologique dont on retrouvera
les étapes et les nombreuses publications avec ce lien (https://www.unm.edu/~tsimane/index.html).
Les 6000
Chimane constituent de petites communautés de 20 à 30 familles. Ils pratiquent
la chasse, la pêche, la cueillette et une agriculture de subsistance.
En mars 2017 les résultats d’une étude
originale du risque cardiaque chez les Chimane est publiée dans le Lancet (http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(17)30752-3/fulltext?elsca1=tlpr).
Elle s’intéresse au risque cardiaque mesuré par ce que l’on appelle le score
calcique. Il s’agit de la mesure par scanner thoracique de la quantité de
calcium déposée dans les parois des artères du cœur. En fonction de la quantité
présente on calcule un score qui prédit de manière très fiable le risque d’une
atteinte athéromateuse des artères coronaires (constitution d’une plaque dans
la paroi de l’artère dont la progression obstrue la circulation du sang et la
rupture conduit à l’infarctus du myocarde)
2/ Cette étude publiée dans le journal The Lancet montre que les Chimane, un peuple
de Boliviens vivants en Amazonie possèdent des fonctions coronariennes au même
état à 80 ans que des Américains à 50 ans. Qu'est-ce qui explique dans nos
modes de vie respectifs que notre système cardiaque soit plus abîmé et que nous
soyons plus exposé a des accidents cardiaques ?
Ce qui frappe dans cette étude très
détaillée c’est que les Chimane ont un score calcique très bas tout au long de
leur vie. Et en effet à 80 ans les Chimane ont un score calcique moyen qui est
celui de nord américains de 50 ans.
Les investigateurs ont ensuite étudié leurs facteurs de risque cardiovasculaires au sens où nous l’entendons aujourd’hui. Presque pas d’obésité, pas de diabète, une tension artérielle basse et des particules lipidiques dans le sang qui ne sont pas athérogènes en particulier les particules LDL sont basses. Les Chimane ont un profil de risque bas et leur arbre artériel vieillit bien moins vite: 85 % d’entre eux tous âges confondus n’ont aucun marqueur de risque cardiovasculaire et présente un score calcique normal. Mais surtout ils ne sont que 13% à avoir un risque coronarien et il est faible. Selon les auteurs leur mode de vie est la principale explication: ils sont physiquement très actifs, chassent, pêchent et construisent leur maison. Ils ne fument pas. Sur le plan alimentaire ils ne mangent presque pas de céréales, pas de sucre, pas de produits laitiers et bien sur quasiment aucun produit industriel. Ajoutons qu’ils consomment moins de gras que les français ou les américains du nord mais avec 38 g de gras par jour, 11 g/j de graisse saturée (29%), 14 g/j de graisse mono-insaturée (37%), et 8 g de graisse polyinsaturée (21%), la proportion de graisse saturée est plus élevée que la notre.
Les investigateurs ont ensuite étudié leurs facteurs de risque cardiovasculaires au sens où nous l’entendons aujourd’hui. Presque pas d’obésité, pas de diabète, une tension artérielle basse et des particules lipidiques dans le sang qui ne sont pas athérogènes en particulier les particules LDL sont basses. Les Chimane ont un profil de risque bas et leur arbre artériel vieillit bien moins vite: 85 % d’entre eux tous âges confondus n’ont aucun marqueur de risque cardiovasculaire et présente un score calcique normal. Mais surtout ils ne sont que 13% à avoir un risque coronarien et il est faible. Selon les auteurs leur mode de vie est la principale explication: ils sont physiquement très actifs, chassent, pêchent et construisent leur maison. Ils ne fument pas. Sur le plan alimentaire ils ne mangent presque pas de céréales, pas de sucre, pas de produits laitiers et bien sur quasiment aucun produit industriel. Ajoutons qu’ils consomment moins de gras que les français ou les américains du nord mais avec 38 g de gras par jour, 11 g/j de graisse saturée (29%), 14 g/j de graisse mono-insaturée (37%), et 8 g de graisse polyinsaturée (21%), la proportion de graisse saturée est plus élevée que la notre.
3/ Quelles sont les conséquences pour la santé de ce mode de vie
sédentarisé où nous ne faisons plus assez de sport, ou nous nous alimentons mal
?
Notre dépense énergétique s’est
effondrée quand l’humanité s’est assise et que les travaux physiques ont été
remplacés par des machines motorisées. Les Chimane font 15000-17000 pas par
jour en moyenne. Chez nous l’activité physique de loisirs n’a pas du tout
remplacé les efforts que nos parents et nos ancêtres faisaient. Dans le même
temps l’alimentation s’est brutalement et profondément transformée. Nous vivons
dans l’abondance de produits alimentaires ce qui conduit à une consommation
excessive de calories. De surcroît ces calories sont présentes dans des
produits industriels très riches en glucides simples ou qui sont rapidement
transformés en glucides simples après ingestion et les mécanismes métaboliques
de stockage de ces glucides conduisent à l’obésité et au diabète type 2. Les
deux facteurs, abondance et part importante des sucres caractérisent notre
régime alimentaire.
4/ Quelles leçons avons-nous tiré des erreurs de nos parents dans
leur façon de vivre ? Est-ce qu'un retour à un mode de vie plus proche de celui
des Tsimane peut s'observer ?
Il est certain que nous sous estimons
les possibilités d’un changement de mode de vie dans la prévention des maladies
cardiovasculaires. Pour des raisons liées à notre modèle allopathique
médicamenteux et aussi parce que ces changements demandent une pleine
responsabilité des patients. A ce sujet il faut rappeler qu’il n’est pas
nécessaire pour obtenir des résultats de faire des changements extraordinaires:
ne pas fumer, avoir un poids normal, consommer un minimum de sucres (sucres
simples ou amidons) et faire tous les jours une activité physique à l’extérieur
qui entraîne un essoufflement ne nécessite ni moyens supplémentaires ni avis
médical. Nos ainés le faisaient il n’y a pas si longtemps. Ce que nous apprend
cette étude c’est que l’activité physique est d’environ 8 kilomètres par jour.
Évidemment c’est très loin de l’activité physique moyenne des français (file://localhost/Users/GuyAndrePelouze/Desktop/poster_ICDAM_2009_2.pdf).
5/ Quelles sont les limites de cette
étude ?
Tout d’abord il s’agit d’une étude
observationnelle et non d’une étude interventionnelle. Donc les conclusions en
particulier les causes de cette santé des artères chez les Chimane restent
incertaines. Nous devons être prudent avec les corrélations observées. Il reste
que du point de vue des paramètres médicaux la santé cardiovasculaire des
Chimane est remarquable. Nous savons aussi que leur mode de vie produit aussi
chez les patients des pays développés des changements similaires et la
prévention la plus efficace des accidents cardiovasculaires.
Il ne faut pas sous estimer les questions de
génétique et d’épigénétique c’est à dire des différences qui participeraient à
une causalité dans l’atteinte artérielle athéromateuse. En particulier pour
nous européens. Cette question reste très ouverte. D’autres travaux sont
nécessaires pour mettre en évidence d’éventuelles différences génétiques avec
les européens notamment qui pourraient expliquer une partie de cette santé
cardiovasculaire à côté du mode de vie.
Enfin compte tenu de l’inflammation observée
chez les Chimane, inflammation en rapport avec un parasitisme endémique il faut
certainement s’interroger sur le modèle de l’athérome que nous utilisons. Il a
été démontré que l’inflammation chronique était associée à une progression de
l’athérome dans les populations des pays développés. Ce n’est pas ce que l’on
observe chez les Chimane sans que nous sachions pourquoi.
dimanche 23 avril 2017
samedi 22 avril 2017
vendredi 21 avril 2017
jeudi 20 avril 2017
lundi 17 avril 2017
L'"orthorexie" décryptée par les nuls.
https://www.franceinter.fr/emissions/grand-bien-vous-fasse/grand-bien-vous-fasse-17-avril-2017
Tout d'abord il n'y a pas un seul médecin mais que des logues dans ce débat.
Ensuite tout ce qu'ils racontent est bien évidemment sans rapport avec la définition de l'Orthorexie.
La seule conclusion que l'on peut apporter ce que l'Orthorexie aujourd'hui c'est manger 80 % de produits industriels comme l'urbain moyen. Et c'est une voie directe vers le syndrome métabolique le diabète type deux les maladies cardio-vasculaires le cancer.
Cette emission est une honte surtout quand on sait qu'elle est produite avec nos impôts.
dimanche 16 avril 2017
samedi 15 avril 2017
mercredi 12 avril 2017
Butter: is there any grass-fed butter in France?
Capsaicin
https://helix.northwestern.edu/blog/2014/07/your-brain-capsaicin
 |
| Shrimps and peppers named El Padron with olive oil ans gingember |
Glyphosate: a rational approach of risk and the myth of purity or immaculacy
http://seppi.over-blog.com/2017/04/glyphosate-la-nouvelle-gesticulation-pipi-toyable-de-generations-futures.html
(in French)
Indeed the Greens share the myth of an immaculate planet and of purity of man before the industrial and chemical revolution. Nothing is more false and far from the truth. In the pre-industrial nature fire and pyrolysis were the most potent carcinogens as are radiations and radioactive minerals.
So the bottom line is to measure clinical effects of molecules issued from organic chemistry.
The idea behind this demonstrative measurement of glyphosate in the urine of nonagricultural workers is to underline that all people are "contaminated" and all comparative clinical studies are baseless... It is a powerful argument for laymen. But indeed it isn't.
Experimentally and more importantly in human studies, glyphosate is not a carcinogen neither at dose measured in agricultural workers nor in food consumers. Clinically if glyphosate was a true carcinogen we should observe more cancers in agricultural workers because dose matters in cancer development.
We are not free of organic molecules like biocides but also drugs and hormones like pill components. It is a concern but this contamination is carefully monitored and especially for glyphosate.
Today human cancers are not dependent on glyphosate consumption. This is the most important difference one must understand, a hazard with a weak or unmeasurable risk does not matter; on the other hand, a hazard confirmed by the measurement of a significant risk for humans should be of concern. Tobacco smoke is the first cause of human cancers and food carcinogens are the second.
Those compounds are known as human carcinogens:
(in French)
Indeed the Greens share the myth of an immaculate planet and of purity of man before the industrial and chemical revolution. Nothing is more false and far from the truth. In the pre-industrial nature fire and pyrolysis were the most potent carcinogens as are radiations and radioactive minerals.
So the bottom line is to measure clinical effects of molecules issued from organic chemistry.
The idea behind this demonstrative measurement of glyphosate in the urine of nonagricultural workers is to underline that all people are "contaminated" and all comparative clinical studies are baseless... It is a powerful argument for laymen. But indeed it isn't.
Experimentally and more importantly in human studies, glyphosate is not a carcinogen neither at dose measured in agricultural workers nor in food consumers. Clinically if glyphosate was a true carcinogen we should observe more cancers in agricultural workers because dose matters in cancer development.
We are not free of organic molecules like biocides but also drugs and hormones like pill components. It is a concern but this contamination is carefully monitored and especially for glyphosate.
Today human cancers are not dependent on glyphosate consumption. This is the most important difference one must understand, a hazard with a weak or unmeasurable risk does not matter; on the other hand, a hazard confirmed by the measurement of a significant risk for humans should be of concern. Tobacco smoke is the first cause of human cancers and food carcinogens are the second.
Those compounds are known as human carcinogens:
- Acetaldehyde (from consuming alcoholic beverages)
- Acheson process, occupational exposure associated with
- Acid mists, strong inorganic
- Aflatoxins
- Alcoholic beverages
- Aluminum production
- 4-Aminobiphenyl
- Areca nut
- Aristolochic acid (and plants containing it)
- Arsenic and inorganic arsenic compounds
- Asbestos (all forms) and mineral substances (such as talc or vermiculite) that contain asbestos
- Auramine production
- Azathioprine
- Benzene
- Benzidine and dyes metabolized to benzidine
- Benzo[a]pyrene
- Beryllium and beryllium compounds
- Betel quid, with or without tobacco
- Bis(chloromethyl)ether and chloromethyl methyl ether (technical-grade)
- Busulfan
- 1,3-Butadiene
- Cadmium and cadmium compounds
- Chlorambucil
- Chlornaphazine
- Chromium (VI) compounds
- Clonorchis sinensis (infection with), also known as the Chinese liver fluke
- Coal, indoor emissions from household combustion
- Coal gasification
- Coal-tar distillation
- Coal-tar pitch
- Coke production
- Cyclophosphamide
- Cyclosporine
- 1,2-Dichloropropane
- Diethylstilbestrol
- Engine exhaust, diesel
- Epstein-Barr virus (infection with)
- Erionite
- Estrogen postmenopausal therapy
- Estrogen-progestogen postmenopausal therapy (combined)
- Estrogen-progestogen oral contraceptives (combined) (Note: There is also convincing evidence in humans that these agents confer a protective effect against cancer in the endometrium and ovary)
- Ethanol in alcoholic beverages
- Ethylene oxide
- Etoposide
- Etoposide in combination with cisplatin and bleomycin
- Fission products, including strontium-90
- Fluoro-edenite fibrous amphibole
- Formaldehyde
- Haematite mining (underground)
- Helicobacter pylori (infection with)
- Hepatitis B virus (chronic infection with)
- Hepatitis C virus (chronic infection with)
- Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) (infection with)
- Human papilloma virus (HPV) types 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59 (infection with) (Note: The HPV types that have been classified as carcinogenic to humans can differ by an order of magnitude in risk for cervical cancer)
- Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-1) (infection with)
- Ionizing radiation (all types)
- Iron and steel founding (workplace exposure)
- Isopropyl alcohol manufacture using strong acids
- Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV), also known as human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) (infection with)
- Leather dust
- Lindane
- Magenta production
- Melphalan
- Methoxsalen (8-methoxypsoralen) plus ultraviolet A radiation, also known as PUVA
- 4,4'-Methylenebis(chloro- aniline) (MOCA)
- Mineral oils, untreated or mildly treated
- MOPP and other combined chemotherapy including alkylating agents
- 2-Naphthylamine
- Neutron radiation
- Nickel compounds
- N'-Nitrosonornicotine (NNN) and 4-(N-Nitrosomethylamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)
- Opisthorchis viverrini (infection with), also known as the Southeast Asian liver fluke
- Outdoor air pollution (and the particulate matter in it)
- Painter (workplace exposure as a)
- 3,4,5,3',4'-Pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB-126)
- 2,3,4,7,8-Pentachlorodibenzofuran
- Phenacetin (and mixtures containing it)
- Phosphorus-32, as phosphate
- Plutonium
- Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dioxin-like, with a Toxicity Equivalency Factor according to WHO (PCBs 77, 81, 105, 114, 118, 123, 126, 156, 157, 167, 169, 189)
- Processed meat (consumption of)
- Radioiodines, including iodine-131
- Radionuclides, alpha-particle-emitting, internally deposited (Note: Specific radionuclides for which there is sufficient evidence for carcinogenicity to humans are also listed individually as Group 1 agents)
- Radionuclides, beta-particle-emitting, internally deposited (Note: Specific radionuclides for which there is sufficient evidence for carcinogenicity to humans are also listed individually as Group 1 agents)
- Radium-224 and its decay products
- Radium-226 and its decay products
- Radium-228 and its decay products
- Radon-222 and its decay products
- Rubber manufacturing industry
- Salted fish (Chinese-style)
- Schistosoma haematobium (infection with)
- Semustine (methyl-CCNU)
- Shale oils
- Silica dust, crystalline, in the form of quartz or cristobalite
- Solar radiation
- Soot (as found in workplace exposure of chimney sweeps)
- Sulfur mustard
- Tamoxifen (Note: There is also conclusive evidence that tamoxifen reduces the risk of contralateral breast cancer in breast cancer patients)
- 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxin
- Thiotepa
- Thorium-232 and its decay products
- Tobacco, smokeless
- Tobacco smoke, secondhand
- Tobacco smoking
- ortho-Toluidine
- Treosulfan
- Trichloroethylene
- Ultraviolet (UV) radiation, including UVA, UVB, and UVC rays
- Ultraviolet-emitting tanning devices
- Vinyl chloride
- Wood dust
- X- and Gamma-radiation
En effet, les verts partagent le mythe d'une planète immaculée et de la pureté de l'homme avant la révolution industrielle et chimique. Rien n'est plus faux et loin de la vérité. Le feu et la pyrolyse sont les agents cancérogènes les plus puissants, tout comme les radiations et les minéraux radioactifs.
Le résultat final est donc de mesurer les effets cliniques des molécules issues de la chimie organique.
L'idée derrière cette mesure démonstrative du glyphosate dans l'urine des travailleurs non agricoles est de souligner que toutes les personnes sont «contaminées» et que toutes les études cliniques comparées sont sans fondement ... C'est un argument puissant pour les laïcs. Mais en effet, ce n'est pas le cas.
Expérimentalement, le glyphosate n'est pas cancérogène ni à la dose mesurée chez les travailleurs agricoles ni chez les consommateurs d'aliments. Cliniquement, si le glyphosate est un véritable cancérogène, nous devrions observer plus de cancers chez les travailleurs agricoles parce que la dose est importante dans le développement du cancer.
Nous ne sommes pas exempts de molécules organiques comme les biocides, mais aussi les médicaments et les hormones comme les composants de la pilule. C'est une préoccupation, mais cette contamination est soigneusement surveillée et surtout le glyphosate.
Aujourd'hui, les cancers ne dépendent pas de la consommation de glyphosate. La fumée du tabac est la première cause et les cancérogènes alimentaires sont les seconds.
Ces composés sont connus comme cancérogènes humains: cf supra.
http://weedcontrolfreaks.com/2015/03/glyphosate-and-cancer-what-does-the-data-say/
http://weedcontrolfreaks.com/2015/03/glyphosate-and-cancer-what-does-the-data-say/
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