 |
| http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673617307523 |
https://wn.com/tsimane_reborn
http://time.com/4705247/healthy-diet-heart-disease/
https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/10/well/live/learning-from-our-parents-heart-health-mistakes.html?rref=collection%2Fsectioncollection%2Fhealth&action=click&contentCollection=health®ion=rank&module=package&version=highlights&contentPlacement=9&pgtype=sectionfront&_r=0
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4317610/
FAQ
"Tsimane are a homogenous ethnic group. Could it be genetic? What happens to Tsimane individuals in a westernized living situation? Anecdotes are not science."
It is why results of observational studies are not a proof of causal relationship.
"The meat eaten by the Tsimane tribe cannot be compared to that eaten in the US. They are hunting & eating wild animals, not the factory-farmed ones fed the wrong diet with antibiotics thrown in, and having limited to no exercise. Factory farmed animals are raised to increase the fat levels in their meat. The meat eaten by the Amazon tribe comes from foraging animals and is very lean. Because they eat meat and are healthy cannot be used to justify a meat-eating diet in the US as good for the heart."
Yes they eat less fat than us but does it matter?
"How much exercise?"
15 000 to 17 000 steps id est 5 miles
"LE"
53 after 1990
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17421012
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673617307523
Summary of the study
The Chimanes of Bolivia have arteries that do not age ...
It seems that the Chimane way of life protects their arteries
Guy-André Pelouze
1 / Is there still in the world tribes living as in the Paleolithic?
The indigenous peoples who live far from the agro-industrial civilization following a lifestyle close to that of the Paleolithic (-2.3 million to -10000 years ago) are very few today. They are of considerable interest from the anthropological as well as the medical point of view, since many chronic diseases can not be understood without the perspective of evolution. Anthropologists have studied several tribes to analyze what the way of life could be in the Paleolithic. Such tribes are found in Papua New Guinea, the Andaman and Nicobar Islands (India), the Philippines, Africa and South America (Amazonia).
In the 1990s a Swedish researcher, Staffan Lindeberg, studied the inhabitants of Kitava, one of the Trobriand Islands of Papua New Guinea. He observed that sudden cardiac death, stroke, and chest pain associated with exercise (angina) never occur in Kitava; By deepening his research he concludes that the essential element is their palaeolithic diet.
The study of the Bolivian population of the Chimane who live on the Andean foothills, particularly along the Maniquí River is a project that began in 2001. It is a fantastic anthropological research project, And the numerous publications with this link (https://www.unm.edu/~tsimane/index.html).
The 6000 Chimane constitute small communities of 20 to 30 families. They practice hunting, fishing, gathering and subsistence farming.
In March 2017 the results of an original study of cardiac risk in Chimane is published in the Lancet (http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(17)30752-3/fulltext? Elsca1 = tlpr). She is interested in the cardiac risk measured by the so-called calcium score. This is the measurement by the thoracic CT scan of the amount of calcium deposited in the walls of the arteries of the heart. Depending on the quantity present, a score is calculated which reliably predicts the risk of an atheromatous involvement of the coronary arteries (formation of a plaque in the wall of the artery, the progression of which obstructs blood circulation and rupture Leads to myocardial infarction)
2 / This study published in the newspaper The Lancet shows that the Chimane, a people of Bolivians living in the Amazon have coronary functions at the same state at 80 years as Americans at 50 years. What explains in our respective lifestyles that our heart system is more damaged and we are more prone to heart attacks?
What is striking in this very detailed study is that the Chimane have a very low calcium score throughout their life. And indeed at 80 years the Chimanes have an average calcium score that is that of North American 50 years.
The investigators then studied their cardiovascular risk factors as we understand them today. Almost no obesity, no diabetes, low blood pressure and lipid particles in the blood that are not atherogenic especially LDL particles are low. The Chimanes have a low risk profile and their arterial tree ages much less quickly: 85% of them all have no cardiovascular risk markers and have a normal calcium score. But mostly they are only 13% to have a coronary risk and it is low. According to the authors their lifestyle is the main explanation: they are physically very active, hunt, fish and build their house. They do not smoke. In terms of food, they eat almost no cereals, no sugar, no dairy products and, of course, virtually no industrial product. In addition, they consume less fat than French or northern Americans, but with 38 g of fat per day, 11 g / d of saturated fat (29%), 14 g / d of monounsaturated fat (37%). , And 8 g of polyunsaturated fat (21%), the proportion of saturated fat is higher than ours.
3 / What are the health consequences of this sedentary lifestyle where we no longer have enough sports, or are we feeding badly?
Our energy expenditure collapsed when humanity sat down and physical work was replaced by motorized machinery. The Chimanes make 15000-17000 steps a day on average. In our country, recreational physical activity did not replace the efforts that our parents and our ancestors made. At the same time the diet has sharply and profoundly transformed. We live in abundance of product foods which leads to excessive consumption of calories. Moreover, these calories are present in industrial products very high in simple carbohydrates or which are rapidly transformed into simple carbohydrates after ingestion and the metabolic mechanisms of storage of these carbohydrates lead to obesity and type 2 diabetes. Both factors, abundance and important part of the sugars characterise our diet.
4 / What lessons have we learned from the mistakes of our parents in their way of life? Can a return to a lifestyle closer to that of the Tsimane be observed? There is no doubt that we are underestimating the potential for lifestyle change in the prevention of cardiovascular disease. For reasons related to our allopathic drug model and also because these changes require full responsibility of the patients. In this respect it is necessary to remember that it is not necessary to obtain results to make extraordinary changes: not to smoke, to have a normal weight, to consume a minimum of sugars (simple sugars or starches) and to do every day a Physical activity outdoors that results in shortness of breath requires no additional means or medical advice. Our elders did it not so long ago. What this study tells us is that physical activity is about 8 kilometers per day. Obviously this is very far from the average physical activity of the French (file: //localhost/Users/GuyAndrePelouze/Desktop/poster_ICDAM_2009_2.pdf).
5 / What are the limitations of this study? First, it is an observational study and not an interventional study. Therefore the conclusions in particular the causes of this health of the arteries in the Chimanes remain uncertain. We must be careful with the correlations observed. However, from a medical point of view, the cardiovascular health of Chimane is remarkable. We also know that their lifestyles also produce similar changes in patients in developed countries and the most effective prevention of cardiovascular events. We must not underestimate the questions of genetics and epigenetics, that is to say differences which would participate in causality in arterial atheromatous disease. Especially for us European. This question remains very open. Further work is needed to highlight possible genetic differences with Europeans that could explain some of this cardiovascular health alongside lifestyle. Finally, given the inflammation observed in Chimane, inflammation in relation to endemic parasitism, we must certainly question the model of atheroma that we use. Chronic inflammation has been shown to be associated with progression of atheroma in populations in developed countries. This is not what we observe among the Chimanes without our knowing why.
It seems that the Chimane way of life protects their arteries
Guy-André Pelouze
1 / Is there still in the world tribes living as in the Paleolithic?
The indigenous peoples who live far from the agro-industrial civilization following a lifestyle close to that of the Paleolithic (-2.3 million to -10000 years ago) are very few today. They are of considerable interest from the anthropological as well as the medical point of view, since many chronic diseases can not be understood without the perspective of evolution. Anthropologists have studied several tribes to analyze what the way of life could be in the Paleolithic. Such tribes are found in Papua New Guinea, the Andaman and Nicobar Islands (India), the Philippines, Africa and South America (Amazonia).
In the 1990s a Swedish researcher, Staffan Lindeberg, studied the inhabitants of Kitava, one of the Trobriand Islands of Papua New Guinea. He observed that sudden cardiac death, stroke, and chest pain associated with exercise (angina) never occur in Kitava; By deepening his research he concludes that the essential element is their palaeolithic diet.
The study of the Bolivian population of the Chimane who live on the Andean foothills, particularly along the Maniquí River is a project that began in 2001. It is a fantastic anthropological research project, And the numerous publications with this link (https://www.unm.edu/~tsimane/index.html).
The 6000 Chimane constitute small communities of 20 to 30 families. They practice hunting, fishing, gathering and subsistence farming.
In March 2017 the results of an original study of cardiac risk in Chimane is published in the Lancet (http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(17)30752-3/fulltext? Elsca1 = tlpr). She is interested in the cardiac risk measured by the so-called calcium score. This is the measurement by the thoracic CT scan of the amount of calcium deposited in the walls of the arteries of the heart. Depending on the quantity present, a score is calculated which reliably predicts the risk of an atheromatous involvement of the coronary arteries (formation of a plaque in the wall of the artery, the progression of which obstructs blood circulation and rupture Leads to myocardial infarction)
2 / This study published in the newspaper The Lancet shows that the Chimane, a people of Bolivians living in the Amazon have coronary functions at the same state at 80 years as Americans at 50 years. What explains in our respective lifestyles that our heart system is more damaged and we are more prone to heart attacks?
What is striking in this very detailed study is that the Chimane have a very low calcium score throughout their life. And indeed at 80 years the Chimanes have an average calcium score that is that of North American 50 years.
The investigators then studied their cardiovascular risk factors as we understand them today. Almost no obesity, no diabetes, low blood pressure and lipid particles in the blood that are not atherogenic especially LDL particles are low. The Chimanes have a low risk profile and their arterial tree ages much less quickly: 85% of them all have no cardiovascular risk markers and have a normal calcium score. But mostly they are only 13% to have a coronary risk and it is low. According to the authors their lifestyle is the main explanation: they are physically very active, hunt, fish and build their house. They do not smoke. In terms of food, they eat almost no cereals, no sugar, no dairy products and, of course, virtually no industrial product. In addition, they consume less fat than French or northern Americans, but with 38 g of fat per day, 11 g / d of saturated fat (29%), 14 g / d of monounsaturated fat (37%). , And 8 g of polyunsaturated fat (21%), the proportion of saturated fat is higher than ours.
3 / What are the health consequences of this sedentary lifestyle where we no longer have enough sports, or are we feeding badly?
Our energy expenditure collapsed when humanity sat down and physical work was replaced by motorized machinery. The Chimanes make 15000-17000 steps a day on average. In our country, recreational physical activity did not replace the efforts that our parents and our ancestors made. At the same time the diet has sharply and profoundly transformed. We live in abundance of product foods which leads to excessive consumption of calories. Moreover, these calories are present in industrial products very high in simple carbohydrates or which are rapidly transformed into simple carbohydrates after ingestion and the metabolic mechanisms of storage of these carbohydrates lead to obesity and type 2 diabetes. Both factors, abundance and important part of the sugars characterise our diet.
4 / What lessons have we learned from the mistakes of our parents in their way of life? Can a return to a lifestyle closer to that of the Tsimane be observed? There is no doubt that we are underestimating the potential for lifestyle change in the prevention of cardiovascular disease. For reasons related to our allopathic drug model and also because these changes require full responsibility of the patients. In this respect it is necessary to remember that it is not necessary to obtain results to make extraordinary changes: not to smoke, to have a normal weight, to consume a minimum of sugars (simple sugars or starches) and to do every day a Physical activity outdoors that results in shortness of breath requires no additional means or medical advice. Our elders did it not so long ago. What this study tells us is that physical activity is about 8 kilometers per day. Obviously this is very far from the average physical activity of the French (file: //localhost/Users/GuyAndrePelouze/Desktop/poster_ICDAM_2009_2.pdf).
5 / What are the limitations of this study? First, it is an observational study and not an interventional study. Therefore the conclusions in particular the causes of this health of the arteries in the Chimanes remain uncertain. We must be careful with the correlations observed. However, from a medical point of view, the cardiovascular health of Chimane is remarkable. We also know that their lifestyles also produce similar changes in patients in developed countries and the most effective prevention of cardiovascular events. We must not underestimate the questions of genetics and epigenetics, that is to say differences which would participate in causality in arterial atheromatous disease. Especially for us European. This question remains very open. Further work is needed to highlight possible genetic differences with Europeans that could explain some of this cardiovascular health alongside lifestyle. Finally, given the inflammation observed in Chimane, inflammation in relation to endemic parasitism, we must certainly question the model of atheroma that we use. Chronic inflammation has been shown to be associated with progression of atheroma in populations in developed countries. This is not what we observe among the Chimanes without our knowing why.
(in french)
Le mode de vie des Chimane de Bolivie protègent leurs artères
Les Chimane de Bolivie ont des artères qui ne
vieillissent pas…
Il semble que le mode de vie des Chimane
protègent leurs artères
Guy-André Pelouze
1/Existe-t-il encore dans le monde des tribus
vivant comme au paléolithique ?
Les populations indigènes qui vivent à l’écart
de la civilisation agro-industrielle suivant un mode de vie proche de celui du
paléolithique (-2,3 millions à -10000 ans avant notre ère) sont très peu
nombreuses aujourd’hui. Elles présentent un intérêt considérable du point de
vue anthropologique mais aussi médical car nombre de maladies chroniques ne
peuvent être comprises sans la perspective de l’évolution. Les anthropologues ont étudié
plusieurs tribus pour analyser ce que le mode de vie pouvait être au paléolithique.
De telles tribus se trouvent en Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée, dans les îles
Andaman et Nicobar (Inde), aux Philippines, en Afrique et en Amérique du Sud
(Amazonie).
Dans les années 90 un chercheur suédois,
Staffan Lindeberg, étudie les habitants de Kitava, l'une des îles Trobriand de
Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée. Il observe que la mort subite d’origine
coronarienne, les accidents vasculaires cérébraux et les douleurs thoraciques
liées à l'effort (angine de poitrine) ne se produisent jamais chez les Kitava;
en approfondissant ses recherches il conclue
que l’élément essentiel est leur régime alimentaire paléolithique.
L’étude de la population bolivienne des
Chimane qui vivent sur le piémont andin, en particulier le long
de la rivière Maniquí est un projet qui a débuté en 2001. Il
s’agit d’un fantastique projet de recherche anthropologique dont on retrouvera
les étapes et les nombreuses publications avec ce lien (https://www.unm.edu/~tsimane/index.html).
Les 6000
Chimane constituent de petites communautés de 20 à 30 familles. Ils pratiquent
la chasse, la pêche, la cueillette et une agriculture de subsistance.
En mars 2017 les résultats d’une étude
originale du risque cardiaque chez les Chimane est publiée dans le Lancet (http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(17)30752-3/fulltext?elsca1=tlpr).
Elle s’intéresse au risque cardiaque mesuré par ce que l’on appelle le score
calcique. Il s’agit de la mesure par scanner thoracique de la quantité de
calcium déposée dans les parois des artères du cœur. En fonction de la quantité
présente on calcule un score qui prédit de manière très fiable le risque d’une
atteinte athéromateuse des artères coronaires (constitution d’une plaque dans
la paroi de l’artère dont la progression obstrue la circulation du sang et la
rupture conduit à l’infarctus du myocarde)
2/ Cette étude publiée dans le journal The Lancet montre que les Chimane, un peuple
de Boliviens vivants en Amazonie possèdent des fonctions coronariennes au même
état à 80 ans que des Américains à 50 ans. Qu'est-ce qui explique dans nos
modes de vie respectifs que notre système cardiaque soit plus abîmé et que nous
soyons plus exposé a des accidents cardiaques ?
Ce qui frappe dans cette étude très
détaillée c’est que les Chimane ont un score calcique très bas tout au long de
leur vie. Et en effet à 80 ans les Chimane ont un score calcique moyen qui est
celui de nord américains de 50 ans.
Les investigateurs ont ensuite étudié leurs facteurs de risque cardiovasculaires au sens où nous l’entendons aujourd’hui. Presque pas d’obésité, pas de diabète, une tension artérielle basse et des particules lipidiques dans le sang qui ne sont pas athérogènes en particulier les particules LDL sont basses. Les Chimane ont un profil de risque bas et leur arbre artériel vieillit bien moins vite: 85 % d’entre eux tous âges confondus n’ont aucun marqueur de risque cardiovasculaire et présente un score calcique normal. Mais surtout ils ne sont que 13% à avoir un risque coronarien et il est faible. Selon les auteurs leur mode de vie est la principale explication: ils sont physiquement très actifs, chassent, pêchent et construisent leur maison. Ils ne fument pas. Sur le plan alimentaire ils ne mangent presque pas de céréales, pas de sucre, pas de produits laitiers et bien sur quasiment aucun produit industriel. Ajoutons qu’ils consomment moins de gras que les français ou les américains du nord mais avec 38 g de gras par jour, 11 g/j de graisse saturée (29%), 14 g/j de graisse mono-insaturée (37%), et 8 g de graisse polyinsaturée (21%), la proportion de graisse saturée est plus élevée que la notre.
Les investigateurs ont ensuite étudié leurs facteurs de risque cardiovasculaires au sens où nous l’entendons aujourd’hui. Presque pas d’obésité, pas de diabète, une tension artérielle basse et des particules lipidiques dans le sang qui ne sont pas athérogènes en particulier les particules LDL sont basses. Les Chimane ont un profil de risque bas et leur arbre artériel vieillit bien moins vite: 85 % d’entre eux tous âges confondus n’ont aucun marqueur de risque cardiovasculaire et présente un score calcique normal. Mais surtout ils ne sont que 13% à avoir un risque coronarien et il est faible. Selon les auteurs leur mode de vie est la principale explication: ils sont physiquement très actifs, chassent, pêchent et construisent leur maison. Ils ne fument pas. Sur le plan alimentaire ils ne mangent presque pas de céréales, pas de sucre, pas de produits laitiers et bien sur quasiment aucun produit industriel. Ajoutons qu’ils consomment moins de gras que les français ou les américains du nord mais avec 38 g de gras par jour, 11 g/j de graisse saturée (29%), 14 g/j de graisse mono-insaturée (37%), et 8 g de graisse polyinsaturée (21%), la proportion de graisse saturée est plus élevée que la notre.
3/ Quelles sont les conséquences pour la santé de ce mode de vie
sédentarisé où nous ne faisons plus assez de sport, ou nous nous alimentons mal
?
Notre dépense énergétique s’est
effondrée quand l’humanité s’est assise et que les travaux physiques ont été
remplacés par des machines motorisées. Les Chimane font 15000-17000 pas par
jour en moyenne. Chez nous l’activité physique de loisirs n’a pas du tout
remplacé les efforts que nos parents et nos ancêtres faisaient. Dans le même
temps l’alimentation s’est brutalement et profondément transformée. Nous vivons
dans l’abondance de produits alimentaires ce qui conduit à une consommation
excessive de calories. De surcroît ces calories sont présentes dans des
produits industriels très riches en glucides simples ou qui sont rapidement
transformés en glucides simples après ingestion et les mécanismes métaboliques
de stockage de ces glucides conduisent à l’obésité et au diabète type 2. Les
deux facteurs, abondance et part importante des sucres caractérisent notre
régime alimentaire.
4/ Quelles leçons avons-nous tiré des erreurs de nos parents dans
leur façon de vivre ? Est-ce qu'un retour à un mode de vie plus proche de celui
des Tsimane peut s'observer ?
Il est certain que nous sous estimons
les possibilités d’un changement de mode de vie dans la prévention des maladies
cardiovasculaires. Pour des raisons liées à notre modèle allopathique
médicamenteux et aussi parce que ces changements demandent une pleine
responsabilité des patients. A ce sujet il faut rappeler qu’il n’est pas
nécessaire pour obtenir des résultats de faire des changements extraordinaires:
ne pas fumer, avoir un poids normal, consommer un minimum de sucres (sucres
simples ou amidons) et faire tous les jours une activité physique à l’extérieur
qui entraîne un essoufflement ne nécessite ni moyens supplémentaires ni avis
médical. Nos ainés le faisaient il n’y a pas si longtemps. Ce que nous apprend
cette étude c’est que l’activité physique est d’environ 8 kilomètres par jour.
Évidemment c’est très loin de l’activité physique moyenne des français (file://localhost/Users/GuyAndrePelouze/Desktop/poster_ICDAM_2009_2.pdf).
5/ Quelles sont les limites de cette
étude ?
Tout d’abord il s’agit d’une étude
observationnelle et non d’une étude interventionnelle. Donc les conclusions en
particulier les causes de cette santé des artères chez les Chimane restent
incertaines. Nous devons être prudent avec les corrélations observées. Il reste
que du point de vue des paramètres médicaux la santé cardiovasculaire des
Chimane est remarquable. Nous savons aussi que leur mode de vie produit aussi
chez les patients des pays développés des changements similaires et la
prévention la plus efficace des accidents cardiovasculaires.
Il ne faut pas sous estimer les questions de
génétique et d’épigénétique c’est à dire des différences qui participeraient à
une causalité dans l’atteinte artérielle athéromateuse. En particulier pour
nous européens. Cette question reste très ouverte. D’autres travaux sont
nécessaires pour mettre en évidence d’éventuelles différences génétiques avec
les européens notamment qui pourraient expliquer une partie de cette santé
cardiovasculaire à côté du mode de vie.
Enfin compte tenu de l’inflammation observée
chez les Chimane, inflammation en rapport avec un parasitisme endémique il faut
certainement s’interroger sur le modèle de l’athérome que nous utilisons. Il a
été démontré que l’inflammation chronique était associée à une progression de
l’athérome dans les populations des pays développés. Ce n’est pas ce que l’on
observe chez les Chimane sans que nous sachions pourquoi.
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